No matter how carefully you plan, freight damage happens. A forklift punctures a pallet, a reefer unit fails mid-transit, or a load shifts and crushes product. The question isn't whether you'll ever face a claim — it's whether you'll be prepared when it happens.
Step 1: Document Everything at Pickup and Delivery
The Bill of Lading (BOL) is your primary legal document. At pickup, ensure the BOL accurately describes the freight: number of pieces, weight, condition, and any pre-existing damage. At delivery, the consignee must note any visible damage or shortage on the delivery receipt before signing. If damage is concealed, file a written notice to the carrier within 5 days of delivery.
Step 2: File the Claim Promptly
Under the Carmack Amendment, you have 9 months from the delivery date to file a freight claim against the carrier. However, the sooner you file, the stronger your case. Include photographs of the damage, the original BOL, the delivery receipt with noted exceptions, an invoice showing the value of the goods, and a repair estimate or replacement cost.
Step 3: Understanding Carrier Liability
For FTL shipments, carriers are generally liable for the full value of the goods up to the declared value on the BOL. LTL carriers, however, often limit liability based on freight class or a per-pound maximum — sometimes as low as $0.50 per pound. This is why declaring accurate freight values and considering supplemental cargo insurance is essential.
Prevention: The Best Claims Strategy
The most effective claims strategy is not having to file one. Proper packaging, palletizing, stretch-wrapping, and load securement dramatically reduce damage incidents. Work with your broker to ensure carriers follow proper loading protocols and that temperature-sensitive freight is monitored throughout transit.
Our Claims Support
At The American Truck Inc., we maintain a dedicated claims team that assists customers through every step of the process. From initial documentation guidance to carrier negotiation, we advocate for full and fair recovery of your losses.
